ctrl+a is used for

For example, pressing "control" and the letter "g" or "G" (code 107 in octal or 71 in base 10, which is 01000111 in binary, produces the code 7 (Bell, 7 in base 10, or 00000111 in binary). The carriage return character (CR), when sent to such a device, causes it to put the character at the edge of the paper at which writing begins (it may, or may not, also move the printing position to the next line). While many systems use CR/LF and TAB for structuring data, it is possible to encounter the separator control characters in data that needs to be structured. Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the page. (Modern systems typically use a start bit to announce the beginning of a transmitted word— this is a feature of asynchronous communication. How to use the Ctrl+T shortcut key. In computing, a Control key Ctrl is a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, performs a special operation; similar to the Shift key, the Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself. This key combination suggests pressing and holding down the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keyboard keys to open the Task Manager or reboot the computer. However, a universal need in data transmission is to request the sender to stop transmitting when a receiver is temporarily unable to accept any more data. When the control key is held down, letter keys produce the same control characters regardless of the state of the shift or caps lock keys. How to use the Ctrl+A shortcut key. The end of text character (ETX) marked the end of the data of a message. The device control codes (DC1 to DC4) were originally generic, to be implemented as necessary by each device. Several standards exist for these sequences, notably ANSI X3.64. There are a number of techniques to display non-printing characters, which may be illustrated with the bell character in ASCII encoding: ASCII-based keyboards have a key labelled "Control", "Ctrl", or (rarely) "Cntl" which is used much like a shift key, being pressed in combination with another letter or symbol key. For characters in text applications, see. Many file systems do not allow control characters in filenames, as they may have reserved functions. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. [4], Many of the ASCII control characters were designed for devices of the time that are not often seen today. This technique, however implemented, avoids additional wires in the data cable devoted only to transmission management, which saves money. There were quite a few control characters defined (33 in ASCII, and the ECMA-48 standard adds 32 more). Code 7 (BEL) is intended to cause an audible signal in the receiving terminal. An early implementation of this idea was the out-of-band ASA carriage control characters. Other systems translate these keys into control characters when the control key is held down. The start of heading (SOH) character was to mark a non-data section of a data stream—the part of a stream containing addresses and other housekeeping data. On keyboards that use English abbreviations for key … Control characters generated using letter keys are thus displayed with the upper-case form of the letter. Later, control characters were integrated into the stream of data to be printed. Code point in a character set, that does not represent a written symbol, "Non-printable character" redirects here. Unicode added more characters that could be considered controls, but it makes a distinction between these "Formatting characters" (such as the zero-width non-joiner), and the 65 control characters. To use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+I, press and hold either Ctrl key on the keyboard and while continuing to hold, press the "I" key with either hand.. With this keyboard shortcut, if no text is highlighted and the program you're using uses this key to italicize text, pressing the shortcut key turns on and off the italic feature. gives −1, which if masked to 7 bits is 127.[3]. control-Q, or XON) to start transmission. Code 0 (ASCII code name NUL) is a special case. "rubout") is likewise a special case. The code 127 (DEL) is also a control character[citation needed]. Control characters are often rendered into a printable form known as caret notation by printing a caret (^) and then the ASCII character that has a value of the control character plus 64. The form feed character (FF/NP) starts a new sheet of paper, and may or may not move to the start of the first line. For example a packet may be structured in the following way (DLE) (DLE) . Below are the top uses for each of the keys when used in combination with the Ctrl key. MS-DOS QBasic v1.1 Documentation. For PROMs that switch one to zero, the roles of NUL and DEL are reversed; also, DEL will only work with 7-bit characters, which are rarely used today; for 8-bit content, the character code 255, commonly defined as a nonbreaking space character, can be used instead of DEL. Microsoft 1987-1991. Ctrl+T in Excel and other spreadsheet programs. The substitute character (SUB) was intended to request a translation of the next character from a printable character to another value, usually by setting bit 5 to zero. End of medium (EM) warns that the tape (or other recording medium) is ending. For example, the key labelled "Backspace" typically produces code 8, "Tab" code 9, "Enter" or "Return" code 13 (though some keyboards might produce code 10 for "Enter"). Specifically, they used ASCII code 27 (escape), followed by a series of characters called a "control sequence" or "escape sequence". Alternatively referred to as Control T and C-t, Ctrl+T is a shortcut key most often used to open a new tab in a browser. The vertical and horizontal tab characters (VT and HT/TAB) cause the output device to move the printing position to the next tab stop in the direction of reading. Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Control sequences (sometimes implemented as escape sequences) could match the new flexibility and power and became the standard method. Shortcut Keys and their Functions: Below is a listing of all the major shortcut keys in Microsoft Word. Various printable characters are used as visible "escape characters", depending on context. Non-erasable programmable ROMs are typically implemented as arrays of fusible elements, each representing a bit, which can only be switched one way, usually from one to zero. The transmission control characters were intended to structure a data stream, and to manage re-transmission or graceful failure, as needed, in the face of transmission errors. Escape sequences were often used to do the same thing. The backspace character (BS) moves the printing position one character space backwards. For example, code 22, "synchronous idle" (SYN), was originally sent by synchronous modems (which have to send data constantly) when there was no actual data to send. For convenience, a lot of terminals accept Ctrl-Space as an alias for Ctrl-@. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by this sign: +). Paper tape became obsolete in the 1970s, so this clever aspect of ASCII rarely saw any use after that. For example, ^G represents code 7, which is generated by pressing the G key when the control key is held down. The other implementation is to take the ASCII code produced by the key and bitwise AND it with 31, forcing bits 6 and 7 to zero. The interpretation of the control key with non-ASCII ("foreign") keys also varies between systems. On terminals and other electronic output devices, there are often software (or hardware) configuration choices which will allow a destruct backspace (i.e., a BS, SP, BS sequence) which erases, or a non-destructive one which does not. The end of transmission block character (ETB) was used to indicate the end of a block of data, where data was divided into such blocks for transmission purposes. The enquire character (ENQ) is generally used by a master station to ask a slave station to send its next message. Its 7-bit code is all-bits-on in binary, which essentially erased a character cell on a paper tape when overpunched.

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